Gilgit-Baltistan has a unique history. Located in the northern part of Pakistan, this region is famous worldwide for its towering mountains, beautiful rivers, and pleasant weather. The people of Gilgit-Baltistan are known for their bravery and hard work. During the creation of Pakistan, they played a key role in freeing their region and Azad Kashmir from Indian occupation. The history of this region is as follows: When the Chinese traveler Fa Hien entered the area, the state of Pulola was established here, which stretched across Gilgit-Baltistan, with its capital in the present-day Khaplu area. In the 7th century, some parts of the region were incorporated into the Tibetan royal government. Later, in the 9th century, the region divided into several local states, the most famous being the Maqpoon and Tar Khan families of Skardu and Hunza. The Maqpoon family ruled regions from Baltistan to Ladakh, Gilgit, and Chitral. Ahmad Shah Maqpoon was the last king of this family.
Gilgit-Baltistan is also the northern region of Jammu Kashmir and the farthest reaches of Tibet. Before 1840, the region was divided into several states, including Gilgit, Baltistan, Hunza, and Nagar, which were later conquered by General Zorawar Singh and incorporated into Jammu Kashmir.
During the partition of the subcontinent in the mid-19th century, the region, like many other states, ignited the flame of independence. Colonel Mirza Hassan Khan and his companions liberated the entire area from Dogra rule.
During the creation of Pakistan, this area was part of Jammu Kashmir and Tibet. The people here fought for their independence, starting from Gilgit. On November 1, 1947, Muslim officers of the state forces took control of Gilgit and declared the independent Republic of Gilgit. Sixteen days later, Pakistan ended the independent state and imposed the Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR). After independence, this region remained somewhat obscure, often referred to as the Northern Areas, until the Pakistani government granted semi-provincial status in 2009. It is the only region that shares borders with four countries. Furthermore, Pakistan fought three wars with neighboring India — in 1948, Kargil, and Siachen — in this region. Additionally, during the 1971 war, border skirmishes took place in some areas, with several villages falling under Indian control, making this region strategically important. The historic Silk Road also passes through this region.
In 2009, semi-provincial status was granted to this region, and for the first time, elections were held, resulting in Syed Mehdi Shah from the Pakistan People's Party becoming the first Chief Minister of Gilgit-Baltistan. With the development of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the importance of this region has increased even further, as the corridor passes through this area before entering Pakistan.
The population of Gilgit-Baltistan is 2 million, with an area of 72,971 square kilometers. Nine languages are spoken in the region, with Balti and Shina being the most common. Gilgit-Baltistan consists of three divisions: Baltistan, Diamer, and Gilgit, with 14 districts.
Tourist Attractions in Gilgit-Baltistan:
K2:
The second-highest peak in the world, located in the Karakoram mountain range, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It stands at 8,611 meters/28,251 feet. It was first summited on July 31, 1954, by Italian mountaineers Lacedelli and Compagnoni.
Gilgit:
The largest city in Gilgit-Baltistan, located near the Karakoram Highway. The city lies near the confluence of the Gilgit River and is surrounded by the great mountain ranges of the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush.
Skardu:
A significant city in Gilgit-Baltistan, surrounded by the Karakoram mountains. It is famous for its scenic locations such as Shangrila, Sadpara Lake, and Katpana Lake, attracting thousands of tourists each year.
Sadpara Lake:
Located at an altitude of 8,500 feet above sea level, this beautiful freshwater lake near Skardu is surrounded by rocky cliffs. In winter, snow covers the mountains, and the melting ice feeds into the lake, adding to its beauty.
Kachura Lake:
Located at an altitude of 8,200 feet, this lake is a famous spot for domestic and international tourists, particularly during the summer.
Shigar:
A vast and beautiful valley in northern Pakistan, part of the Baltistan Division. Shigar is home to the famous Baltoro Glacier and several high peaks.
Deosai National Park:
Known as the world's highest plateau, Deosai is a vast wilderness famous for its rare brown bears and breathtaking views. The park's highest peak is Shetung, standing at 16,000 feet.
Baltoro Glacier:
The longest glacier after the poles, located in Baltistan. It stretches over 62 kilometers and is home to K2 and several other peaks.
Biafo Glacier:
A 63-kilometer-long glacier in the Karakoram range, known for its stunning views and rich wildlife.
Altit Fort:
A historical fort located in the Hunza Valley, built by the ruling family of Hunza. It is one of the oldest landmarks in Gilgit-Baltistan, with a history dating back 900 years.
Baltit Fort:
Situated in the Hunza Valley, this fort is a beautiful tourist destination known for its historical significance and stunning views.
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